Study Guide (lecture # 7)
Book pages: 78-89, 91-96, 388-390
Review:
(lecture # 6)
- finish meridional cells discussion
- Hadley cell Simple theory:
(i) angular momentum conservation for subtropical jet &
(ii) heat flux
- zonal mean pressure & height patterns
Today's topics:
- moisture variables
- momentum budgeting (in latitude circles)
- partitioning of variables (Appendix A)
Jargon:
cloud amount, ISCCP, angular momentum, mountain
torque
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Cloudiness & moisture: (related to fields seen so far)
- cloud amount, cloud type both hard to estimate; ISCCP given preference
- clouds cool climate
- cloud amount (amount of cloud coverage)
-latitude distribution of max & minima; tropics vs midlatitudes
-oceans vs land
-seasonal change: ICZ
- cloud type:
two most prevalent: St & As (including Ac)
more Ci than Cb
Cu increase towards equator (Hadley cell) -- relate to fig. 3.20a
- precipitation
-triple max
-seasonal change, esp in tropics.
-compare & contrast with other fields shown
- evaporation
minimum where: T is cool, winds light, much cloud cover
maximum for opposite conditions
- moisture balance & transport
- compare with more recent figures
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Partitioning by averages & deviations:
(Appendix A)
- averages are integrals
- approximate way to separate different phenomena
- deduce type of phenomena by operations prior to any
multiplication,
after that,
further averages and deviations do not change the phenomenon isolated
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Momentum budget (& transport):
(Section 4.1)
- definition
-local rate of change in a volume (latitude band); fluxes
- transforming from z to P as independent coordinate
- mountain torque
- friction